Nanung klasing gabun ing pweding gamitan para gawang porselana?

Ing clay a kailangan para gawan ing porcelain dapat atin yang formability, moderate drying shrinkage, moderate firing shrinkage ampo refractoriness. Potang gagawang porcelain, kailangan mu namang isipan ing mineral ampo ing chemical composition ning clay. Ing ceramic metung yang importanting calling card ning sibilisasyun ning china. Ing Tsina ing bansa nung nukarin ing pottery minunang menibatan keng yatu ampo iya ing meg-imbentu at mekagawa keng porselana.

Ing porcelain gawa ya keraklan ibat keng clay, kayabe da reng aliwang natural a materyales a mineral, kapamilatan ning prosesu ning pamagdugpa, pamisanmetung, pamag-shape ampo pamag-fire. Kaya, nanung klasing gabun ing malyaring gamitan para gawang porselana?

Ing clay a kailangan para gawan ing porcelain dapat makatupad ya kareng atlung requirements keng performance: Mumuna, dapat atin yang formability, yapin ing plasticity. Nung ing clay isamut ya keng sapat a dagul ning danum, maging yang clay ball. King lalam ning aksyon ning metung a panlual a pwersa, magdeform ya pero e ya magcrack. Nung milako ya ing panlual a pwersa, malyari ya pa muring manatili ing kayang porma a e magbayu. Kadwa, dapat atin yang katamtaman a pamamutut. kabang mamagus la reng clay materials, ing danum a makapadurut kareng clay particles mag-evaporate ya, inya sa’t lalapit la reng particles at magresulta king volume shrinkage. nung ing pamag-shrinkage sobra ya, maging sangkan na ning panga-crack ning clay body. Uli na niti, kailangan yang panatilyan ing ustung drying shrinkage rate. Katlu, dapat atin yang katamtaman a firing shrinkage performance ampo refractoriness. Potang me-calcin ya ing clay, malilyari ing serye da reng pamagbayu king katawan at kemikal, a magdalang pamag-shrink pasibayu. Potang miras ya keng metung a temperatura, bagya bagya yang matunaw ampo lumambot. nung ing pamag-shrinkage sobra ya, maging sangkan na ning pamag-deform ning porselana. Para makasiguradung e ya lumambot ing clay kabang mag-firing ya at miras ya keng firing temperature a ustung para keng glaze, dapat atin yang sapat a laman ning aluminum oxide, na metung kareng manimunang chemical components a gagawang "skeleton" ning katawan ning porcelain.

Para abalu nung ing metung a klasing clay masanting ya para gawan porcelain, ing mineral composition ampo ing chemical composition ning clay dapat la namang ikonsidera. keng mineral composition, ing clay bibilugan de reng manimunang mineral antimo ing kaolinite ampo ing montmorillonite, kayabe deng mineral antimo ing quartz ampo ing feldspar, ampo reng mapilan a organic a sangkap. Deng peka mineral ning clay natural lang atin masanting a plasticity. nung dakal la reng main minerals at mas mapino la reng particles, mas matas ing plasticity. Nung keng chemical composition, ing peka mineral ning clay yapin ing hydrated aluminosilicate, nung nu ing peka chemical component na ilapin deng silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide ampo danum. Uling miyayaliwang geological formation conditions, malyari ya namang mika ditak a oxides ning potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, titanium, atbp. Ing chemical composition ning clay miyayaliwa ya pauli ning impluwensya da reng kayang sangkap a mineral.

Ing clay atin yang miyayaliwang kule antimo ing maputi, abu ampo dilaw, na makaugne kareng uri ampo laman da reng coloring oxides ampo organic substances a atyu kaya. Makanyan man, ing kule ning katawan a porselana a mesilab e ya direktang makasuglung king kule ning clay, dapot mas malapit yang makayagpang king laman da reng coloring oxides ampo ing firing atmosphere. Ing Ru Kiln ning Song Dynasty, a maki kasebyan a "Kaybat ning uran, nung nukarin ing asul a biga masira ya, ing kule ayni mangabaldugan yang hinaharap", keraklan gawa ya keng gabun a ating matas a laman ning iron oxide ampo titanium dioxide. Ing katawan na keraklan light grayish-white ya, na mas makayagpang ya ampo metung ya keng Ru porcelain glaze na kasing asul ning banua.

Deng mapilan a clay malambut la at malyari lang mikalat keng danum. Malyari lang gamitan agad kaybat dang mewas para milako ing dikut, antimo ing kaolin ampo ing ball clay. keng umpisa ning pamaglalang porselana, ining klasing malambut ampo mapinung gabun keraklan gagamitan de para gawan ing porselana, antimo ing Yue kiln celadon. Ing kaolin, na atin yang 40% ning aluminum oxide keng mass, mangailangan yang temperaturang 1400 degrees Celsius para maging sintered. Alimbawa, deng mapilan a maputing porselana ibat kareng Xing ampo Ding kilns ali la direktang gawa keng kaolin bilang metung a raw material para keng kaginhawaan ning pamag-firing. Deng aliwang clams makapal la ampo makablock, at kailangan lang dugpakan ampo hugasan bayu la gamitan, antimo reng porcelain stones. Ing Jingdezhen gagamit yang batu a porselana para gawang porselana manibat pa kanitang Song Dynasty.

Ing celadon ampo ing maputing porselana ning Song Dynasty keng Jingdezhen kalupa ne ning jade ampo gawa ya keng porselana. Ing batung porcelain dakal ya sericite, atin yang mababa a laman ning alumina, matas a laman ning potassium ampo sodium, ampo mababa ing refractoriness. Ing porselana a me-fire ibat kaniti atin yang matas a light transmittance at partikular yang masanting para keng pamag-fire kareng mangalating bage. Ing asul ampo maputing porselana ning Yuan Dynasty maragul ya ampo mabayat, ampo atin yang mangasanting a painting. Megawa ya ibat kareng miyayaliwang sedimentary clays a maki matas a alumina. anyang Ming ampo Qing dynasties, deng imperial kilns keng Jingdezhen bagya-bagya lang mig-adopt keng "dual formula" ning porcelain stone ampo kaolin para gawang porcelain, nung asul ya man ampo maputing porcelain o overglaze colored porcelain, na minie keng Jingdezhen porcelain ing reputasyun na "kasing maputi ning jade, kasing salamin, kasing manipis ning paper resonant as a chime".

Ing metung a pirasu ning porselana makaba yang libung banua, at ing sibilisasyun lalagpus ya kareng bunduk ampo dagat. Ing pamisanmetung ning clay a binie ning kalikasan ampo ing pangagawa da reng byasang artesano sisiguraduan na ing patuloy a pamamana at pamagpromote king charm ning porselana ning Tsinu.